Peptides — the evidence audit

Thiamine deficiency is a recognised cause of encephalopathy in cats and is treated by repletion; this is textbook clinical practice rather than trial evidence. The previously cited review (PMID 30139320) is a DIAGNOSTIC review of recurrent feline seizures and is not a source for thiamine therapy — it has been removed rather than restated. FDA ANDAs exist for thiamine HCl injection (e.g. ANDA 080571).

Species with data: Dog (RCT), cat (single case report)

• The same trial found oral non-inferior to injection — at 90 days the oral arm's median was higher (1244 vs 877 ng/L). The best evidence for B12 undercuts the case for an injectable.
• Deficiency-correction indication requiring a serum cobalamin assay. Not a wellness product.
• GFI #256 distribution bar applies.

FDA-approved animal drug: NADA 046-788 (Zoetis), ANADA 200-328 (Bimeda) and others. Label covers horses, cows, sows, ewes. Behaviour studies in dogs (PMID 30593777) and cats (PMID 38637547) are small single-dose laboratory cognition experiments.

Species with data: Horse, cow, sow, ewe (approved); dog and cat (cognition studies only)

• The approved label does NOT include dogs or cats — small-animal use is extralabel and requires the veterinarian's own AMDUCA judgement.
• The approved indication is obstetric, not behavioural. The dog and cat behaviour data cannot support a calming or bonding claim.
• An approved injection exists, so a compounded oxytocin is a copy under GFI #256 §5 and needs a per-patient clinical-difference rationale. Price is expressly excluded as a rationale.
• FEI: Controlled Medication — withdrawal required before competition.

Thiamine deficiency is a recognised cause of encephalopathy in cats and is treated by repletion; this is textbook clinical practice rather than trial evidence. The previously cited review (PMID 30139320) is a DIAGNOSTIC review of recurrent feline seizures and is not a source for thiamine therapy — it has been removed rather than restated. FDA ANDAs exist for thiamine HCl injection (e.g. ANDA 080571).

Species with data: Cat (clinical literature), dog

• This is an emergency deficiency treatment given by a veterinarian on a clinical diagnosis — not a retail wellness product.
• Marketing thiamine to owners risks delaying presentation of a neurologic emergency.
• Not on FDA's office-stock compounding list.

Randomised placebo-controlled trial, 70 senior dogs with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. Significant between-group difference in Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating at 3 months (P=0.02). Simon et al., Sci Rep 2024. PMID 38811634.

Species with data: Dog (oral, combination product)

• The intervention was a COMBINATION — the effect cannot be attributed to NAD+ alone.
• The same trial found no difference on in-house cognitive testing and no difference in accelerometer-measured activity. The authors note all groups improved, suggesting a placebo effect.
• The trial used an ORAL product. Injectable and nasal routes at 500–1000 mg have no canine or feline data at all.
• No approved product in any species.

Placebo-controlled pilot, 30 newly diagnosed diabetic cats (exenatide extended release). Semaglutide/tirzepatide approved in humans only (NDA 213051, NDA 215866).

Species with data: Cat (pilot trial, adverse effects prominent)

• NOT RECOMMENDED. The only controlled feline trial reported 60% decreased appetite and 53% vomiting (PMID 26700409). Anorexia in cats risks hepatic lipidosis.
• Tirzepatide and retatrutide are named in FDA warning letter 721806 (Gram Peptides, 31 Mar 2026) as unapproved new drugs.
• No veterinary approval in any species.

No evidence located for administered glutathione in dogs, cats or horses. 160 PubMed records cross glutathione with these species but they are endogenous-biomarker studies, not administration trials.

Species with data: None located

• No approval, no target-species efficacy data, no USP monograph for the injectable at 1500/3000 mg.

No evidence located in target species. Only 10 PubMed records cross thymosin alpha-1 with veterinary species and all are cell-line or 1970s–80s thymosin-fraction work.

Species with data: None located

• Zero target-species evidence. No FDA approval. No monograph.
• Immunomodulators carry particular risk where the immune target is unknown.

FDA-approved human drug and a component of approved injectable multivitamins. No target-species efficacy trial located.

Species with data: None located as standalone

• No standalone veterinary indication established.
• Pyridoxine at high chronic doses causes a sensory neuropathy.

No verified target-species efficacy citation located this pass. Biotin is a component of FDA-approved injectable multivitamin products.

Species with data: None verified

• No verified target-species efficacy citation.
• Biotin is a notorious immunoassay interferent and can distort thyroid and troponin results — clinically relevant in a hyperthyroid-screening population.

FDA's List of Bulk Drug Substances for Compounding Office Stock Drugs lists riboflavin as an OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION at 0.5% and 1% — a corneal indication. That listing does not cover an injectable B-complex and must not be cited as if it did. No target-species efficacy trial located for systemic riboflavin.

Species with data: None located

• The FDA listing is ophthalmic, not injectable — citing it to support an injectable product would be misleading.
• MicroAmino does not sell riboflavin as a SKU; it is inside 'Vitamin B Complex 16 mg', and a blend inherits every blocker of its worst component.